{"id":6426,"date":"2022-01-12T17:31:32","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T09:31:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6426"},"modified":"2022-02-21T15:21:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T07:21:36","slug":"attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\/","title":{"rendered":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"#adhd1\">What is ADHD?<\/a><\/strong> | <a href=\"#adhd2\"><strong>Symptoms<\/strong> <\/a>| <strong><a href=\"#adhd3\">Causes &amp; Risk Factors<\/a><\/strong> | <strong><a href=\"#adhd4\">Diagnosis <\/a><\/strong>| <a href=\"#adhd5\"><strong>Treatment<\/strong> <\/a>| <strong><a href=\"#adhd6\">FAQ<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-short hr-center   avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_heading  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ADHD-Children-1030x687.jpg' alt='' title='ADHD Children playing blocks' height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  id=\"adhd1\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >What is ADHD?<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder involving a persistent pattern of inattention and\/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\">1<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>While children more commonly exhibit fidgety behaviour and distractedness, ADHD is diagnosed in both adults and children. Often, it manifests itself in adults as extreme restlessness and wearing others out with activity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >ADD vs ADHD<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Previously, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) was the term used to describe individuals who displayed inattentive symptoms, but were neither hyperactive nor impulsive. Currently, mental health professionals characterise easily distracted patients as having the \u2018predominantly inattentive\u2019 type of ADHD, and the term ADD in rarely used [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.additudemag.com\/slideshows\/add-vs-adhd\/#:~:text=ADHD%20is%20the%20official%2C%20medical,lack%20of%20focus%2C%20and%20forgetfulness.\">2<\/a>].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Gender Differences in ADHD<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Males are twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD as compared to females [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3101894\/\">3<\/a>]. As females tend to have more inattentive symptoms, they may not disrupt the classroom\/workplace like those with hyperactivity do. Hence, they are commonly left undiagnosed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"adhd2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_heading  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms of ADHD<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms (Inattention)<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li>Difficulty concentrating on tasks or play activities<\/li>\n<li>Failure to follow through on instructions and finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace<\/li>\n<li>Failure to listen when spoken to directly<\/li>\n<li>Distractedness<\/li>\n<li>Forgetfulness in daily activities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms (Hyperactivity and Impulsivity)<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fidgeting with or tapping hands or feet, or squirming in seat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Running about or climbing in inappropriate situations (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Excessive talking<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trouble waiting for his\/her turn<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interrupting or intruding on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"adhd3\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Causes and Risk Factors of ADHD<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There is still uncertainty regarding the cause of ADHD. However, researchers have suggested that there is a neurological cause. Presently, studies show that individuals with ADHD possess a reduction in dopamine [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19738093\/\">5<\/a>], a molecule involved in movement control and emotional response. Additionally, they also possess smaller gray matter, which is important for speech, self-regulation and decision-making, in the brain [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26748338\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20We%20found%20significantly%20smaller,and%20in%20widespread%20cerebellar%20regions.\">6<\/a>].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"adhd4\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Diagnosis of ADHD<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>An individual does not need to have symptoms from both categories to be diagnosed with ADHD. Otherwise, they must have several symptoms from at least one category; these symptoms must persist for at least 6 months. Additionally, the symptoms must occur in different settings, are disruptive and are not appropriate for the individual\u2019s age [7].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"adhd5\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Treatment of ADHD<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Common treatments of ADHD include behavioural therapy and impulse-control medication. Otherwise, natural remedies like having a balanced diet, sufficient sleep and exercise also buffer against ADHD.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"psychotherapy2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_heading  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Behavioural Therapy<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  id=\"psychotherapy2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h4  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Parent Training in Behavioural Therapy<\/h4><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li>Parents learn to use skills to better manage their child\u2019s behavior and different ways to strengthen their relationship with their child<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"psychotherapy2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h4  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Behaviour Therapy with Children<\/h4><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li>The therapist works with the child to learn new behaviours to replace behaviours that cause problems. Additionally, the therapist may help him\/her learn to handle feelings in positive ways\n<ul>\n<li>For younger children, behavioural therapy teaches parents, teachers, and other caregivers how to give children the support and structure they need<\/li>\n<li>For older children, behavioural therapy helps children recognise their symptoms and better manage their own behaviour. Teachers and parents may support the child [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/adhd\/documents\/adhd-behavior-therapy-overview-all-ages.pdf\">8<\/a>]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"adhd6\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_toggle_container  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >FAQ<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class=\"togglecontainer   toggle_close_all  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_hr \" >\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-1\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-1-container\">1. How do I tell if my child has ADHD?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-1-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>It can be difficult to identify ADHD in a child due to their fidgety and inattentive nature. 2 key signs to look out for are inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\">9<\/a>] .These symptoms are usually present across multiple settings &#8211; for example, both at home and at school &#8211; and affect your child\u2019s functioning to a noticeable extent when compared to his\/her peers.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of inattentiveness include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Frequent careless mistakes in schoolwork<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty sustaining attention during conversations and tasks<\/li>\n<li>Forgetfulness in daily activities and losing items<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Examples of hyperactivity-impulsivity include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fidgeting while seated or leaving one\u2019s seat in inappropriate settings<\/li>\n<li>Incessant talking, e.g. interrupting others and answering without hearing the full question<\/li>\n<li>Running around in inappropriate settings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do note that this is just a general guideline. If you suspect that your child has ADHD, bring him\/her to a mental health professional immediately.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-2\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-2-container\">2. Are there ADHD support groups in Singapore?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-2-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Organisations like the Society for the Promotion of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research &#038; Knowledge (SPARK) [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spark.org.sg\/about-us\">9<\/a>] provide support for families with children diagnosed with ADHD.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>References:<\/p>\n<p>[7] <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6426","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ADHD: What is it? - Singapore Counselling Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder involving a persistent pattern of inattention and\/or hyperactivity-...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ADHD: What is it? 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