{"id":6619,"date":"2022-02-17T19:46:17","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T11:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6619"},"modified":"2022-02-21T15:06:54","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T07:06:54","slug":"bipolar-disorder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/bipolar-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Bipolar Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"#bipolar1\">What is Bipolar Disorder?<\/a><\/strong> | <a href=\"#bipolar2\"><strong>Symptoms<\/strong><\/a> | <strong><a href=\"#bipolar3\">Causes &#038; Risk Factors<\/a><\/strong> | <strong><a href=\"#bipolar4\">Diagnosis<\/a><\/strong> | <strong><a href=\"#bipolar5\">Treatment<\/a> | <a href=\"#bipolar6\">FAQ<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-short hr-center   avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_heading  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/nick-fewings-I3Y1N_d-kHU-unsplash-1-1030x466.jpg' alt='Bipolar Disorder' title='Bipolar Disorder' height=\"466\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  id=\"bipolar1\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >What is Bipolar Disorder?<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes changes in a person&#8217;s mood, energy, and ability to function. People with bipolar disorder experience intense emotional states that typically occur during distinct periods of days to weeks, called mood episodes [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/bipolar-disorders\/what-are-bipolar-disorders\">1<\/a>]. Bipolar disorders are classified as the experience of both <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a> and hypomania or mania. It is marked by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes, which are nearly always preceded or mood disorders and suicide followed by periods of <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a> [2].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">Depression<\/a> is the emotional state of extreme sadness and dejection while mania involves abnormally elevated moods and euphoria, often accompanied by sudden outbursts of irritation.<\/p>\n<p>There are three types of Bipolar Disorders &#8211; Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder. The three types differ in their intensities and duration of manic and depressive episodes. Manic episodes are periods of extremely \u201chigh,\u201d elated, irritable, or energised behaviour. Conversely depressive episodes are \u201clow,\u201d sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods.<\/p>\n<p>Some people with bipolar disorder (Bipolar II) may also experience a less severe form of mania, also known as hypomania.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Types of Bipolar Disorder <\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><strong>Bipolar I Disorder \u2014<\/strong> Defined by manic episodes that last at least 7 days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care. Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks. Episodes of <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a> with mixed features (having depressive symptoms and manic symptoms at the same time) are also possible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bipolar II Disorder \u2014<\/strong> Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I Disorder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia) \u2014<\/strong> Defined by periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"bipolar2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Typically, the symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear in adolescence or early adulthood, and are repeated over the patient&#8217;s lifetime, expressed as unpredictable recurrences of hypomanic\/manic or depressive episodes [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4296286\/\">3<\/a>].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Hypomanic\/Manic Episodes<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Mania and hypomania refers to periods characterised by abnormally \u2018high\u2019 moods and behaviour. Typically, a manic or hypomanic episode include three or more of the following symptoms [<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596\">4<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exaggerated sense of self-esteem or grandiosity<\/li>\n<li>Abnormally jumpy or agitated<\/li>\n<li>Increased activity and energy<\/li>\n<li>Decreased need for sleep<\/li>\n<li>Unusual talkativeness or pressure to talk constantly<\/li>\n<li>Racing thoughts<\/li>\n<li>Problems with focusing and easily distracted<\/li>\n<li>Making risky or poor decisions \u2014 e.g. splurging or taking sexual risks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mental health professionals link mania and manic behaviour to Type I disorder. Here, patients suffer from abnormally heightened moods, hyperactivity and a reduced inclination for sleep. Hypomania and hypomanic behaviour is linked to Type II disorder; its symptoms are less severe than mania. Unlike hypomania, mania is more likely to cause disruptions and problems at work, in school and for relationships.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Depressive Episodes<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Depressive episodes often present similarly to <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a>, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6181\">Major Depressive Disorder<\/a>. They include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extreme changes to appetite and weight gain or loss<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty concentrating, remembering, and making decisions<\/li>\n<li>Fatigue and decreased energy<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of guilt, worthlessness and helplessness<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of hopelessness, sadness and emptiness<\/li>\n<li>Troubles sleeping, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6203\">insomnia<\/a> or hypersomnia<\/li>\n<li>Loss of interest in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed<\/li>\n<li>Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain<\/li>\n<li>Persistent sad or anxious moods<\/li>\n<li>Restlessness and irritability<\/li>\n<li>Thoughts of death or suicide, including suicide attempts which can include a specific plan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"bipolar3\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Causes <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Risk Factors of Bipolar Disorder<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Though the specific causes of bipolar disorder are unclear, mental health professionals believe that an imbalance of brain chemicals leads to the dysregulated brain activity in the condition. The average age of onset is 25 years old [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/bipolar-disorders\/what-are-bipolar-disorders\">5<\/a>].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Environmental Factors<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Bipolar disorder commonly runs in families: 80 to 90 percent of individuals with bipolar disorder have a relative with bipolar disorder or <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a>, making it one of the strongest and most reliable risk factors for bipolar disorders [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/bipolar-disorders\/what-are-bipolar-disorders\">5<\/a>].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"bipolar4\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>For diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in general, extreme moods must persist for at least a week. In addition, three or more additional symptoms must occur in the same time period. There must also be significant impairment of occupational and social functioning, and hospitalisation is often necessary during manic episodes.<\/p>\n<p>Hypomanic episodes can also occur; these involve milder versions of the same symptoms and last at least 4 days. Although the symptoms listed are the same for manic and hypomanic episodes, there is much less impairment in hypomania, and hospitalisation is not required [2].<\/p>\n<p>The slight differences in diagnosing Bipolar I and II Disorder are listed below:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Bipolar I Disorder<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Psychosis or the lifetime experience of a major depressive episode are <strong>not<\/strong> requirements<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Meet the criteria for a manic episode<\/li>\n<li>Experience periods of <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a>, but meeting diagnosis criteria for a major depressive episode is not required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Bipolar II Disorder<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Psychosis and\/or the lifetime experience of a major depressive episode are requirements<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Meet the criteria for major <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Experience periods of hypomania, but meeting diagnosis criteria of full-blown mania is not required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li>Experience of hypomanic symptoms that do not meet full criteria of a hypomanic episode along with numerous bouts of depressive symptoms, for at least 2 years (or at least 1 year for children and adolescents).<\/li>\n<li>Hypomanic and depressive symptoms are present for at least half the time during the 2 year-period (or 1 year-period for children and adolescents) and the period without symptoms does not last longer than 2 months at a time.<\/li>\n<li>Individual has never met criteria for a major depressive, manic or hypomanic episode.<\/li>\n<li>Symptoms experienced are not caused by substances that may cause physiological effects &#8211; drug abuse or medication.<\/li>\n<li>Symptoms can impair daily social and occupational functioning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  id=\"bipolar5\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Treatment of Bipolar Disorder <\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Mental health professionals usually treat Bipolar Disorder with combination of medication and psychotherapy. They may prescribe Mood stabilisers (i.e. lithium) and antipsychotic medications to treat mania or hypomania. They may also prescribe <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5660\">antidepressants<\/a> to treat depressive episodes.<\/p>\n<p>Professionals may also use <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6168\">Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)<\/a> to help patients better cope with their symptoms, reduce the negative impacts on their relationships and avoid triggers that may bring about manic, hypomanic or depressive episodes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  id=\"bipolar6\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_toggle_container  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >FAQ<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"togglecontainer   toggle_close_all  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_hr \" >\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-1\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-1-container\">1. Is it easy to manage Bipolar Disorder?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-1-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>The challenges involved in managing bipolar disorder over a patient&#8217;s lifetime are the result of the dynamic, chronic, and fluctuating nature of this disease. Diligent selection of a treatment that takes into account its efficacy in the various phases of the disorder, along with the safety profile identified in clinical trials and in the real world can help ameliorate the impact of this devastating condition [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4296286\/\">7<\/a>].<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-2\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-2-container\">2. What can I do in day-to-day life to manage my Bipolar Disorder?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-2-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>If you suspect that you have Bipolar Disorder, it is highly recommended that you seek help from a mental health professional first. These tips are to help you manage your condition in daily life, on top of treatment from a professional.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify your triggers: Understand what triggers your manic or depressive episodes and replace them with healthy coping mechanisms, e.g. exercise<\/li>\n<li>Establish a routine: Keeping a daily schedule helps you to avoid sudden situations that trigger your condition<\/li>\n<li>Communicate: Try not to shell up and be an apologist for your manic or depressive episodes. Understand that you have people there for you, such as your friends, loved ones and therapists; work together with them towards your recovery by remaining open and communicative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>References:<\/p>\n<p>[2] <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Butcher, J., Hooley, J., &#038; Mineka, S. (2013). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal psychology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (16th ed<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6619","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bipolar Disorder - Singapore Counselling Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder causing changes in a person&#039;s mood, energy, and ability to function. 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