{"id":6745,"date":"2022-03-17T11:02:34","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T03:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6745"},"modified":"2022-03-21T14:54:46","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T06:54:46","slug":"agoraphobia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/agoraphobia\/","title":{"rendered":"Agoraphobia"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"#agoraphobia1\">What is Agoraphobia?<\/a><\/strong> | <strong><a href=\"#agoraphobia2\">Symptoms<\/a> <\/strong>| <strong><a href=\"#agoraphobia3\">Causes <\/a><\/strong>| <strong><a href=\"#agoraphobia4\">Diagnosis<\/a><\/strong> |<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"#agoraphobia5\">Treatment<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>| <strong><a href=\"#agoraphobia6\">FAQ<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-short hr-center   avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_heading  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/joice-kelly-rXrMy7mXUEs-unsplash-1030x687.jpg' alt='Agoraphobia' title='Agoraphobia (Joyce Kelly)' height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  id=\"agoraphobia1\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >What is Agoraphobia?<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Agoraphobia is a type of phobic disorder, the most common type of <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5711\">anxiety<\/a> disorder.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"agoraphobia2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms of Agoraphobia<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>People with agoraphobia usually go to great lengths to avoid a variety of feared situations that may cause them to worry or panic, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open spaces (e.g. streets and carparks)<\/li>\n<li>Crowded areas (e.g. shopping malls and market places)<\/li>\n<li>Taking the public transport (e.g. buses, trains and planes)<\/li>\n<li>Enclosed spaces (e.g. cinemas and shops)<\/li>\n<li>Standing in line or being in a crowd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>Agoraphobia sufferer are also typically frightened by their own bodily sensations [1], causing them to avoid activities that might lead to physiological arousal. Activities include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exercising<\/li>\n<li>Watching horror movies<\/li>\n<li>Getting angry<\/li>\n<li>Games\/ activities that might increase their heart rate<\/li>\n<li>Drinking caffeine<\/li>\n<li>Sexual activities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These agoraphobic situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety. If someone with agoraphobia finds themselves in a stressful situation, they&#8217;ll usually experience the symptoms of a panic attack, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chest pain or pressure<\/li>\n<li>Rapid heart rate<\/li>\n<li>Rapid breathing (hyperventilating)<\/li>\n<li>Lightheadedness or dizziness<\/li>\n<li>Trembling or feeling shaky<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of losing control<\/li>\n<li>Excessive sweating<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In more severe cases of the condition, people with agoraphobia might even be anxious to leave their home alone. Agoraphobia can heavily interfere with a person\u2019s daily life, given that many places tend to be inevitable and difficult to avoid.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"agoraphobia3\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Causes of Agoraphobia<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Agoraphobia usually develops as a complication of panic disorder [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/agoraphobia\/causes\/\">2<\/a>], an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks and moments of intense fear. It can arise by associating panic attacks with the places or situations where they occurred and then avoiding them.<\/p>\n<p>A minority of people with agoraphobia have no history of panic attacks. In these cases, their fear may be related to issues like a fear of crime, terrorism, illness, or being in an accident.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Psychological Causes<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Psychological factors that increase your risk of developing agoraphobia include [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/agoraphobia\/causes\/\">3<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a traumatic childhood experience (e.g. the death of a parent or being sexually abused)<\/li>\n<li>experiencing a stressful event (e.g. bereavement, divorce, or losing a job)<\/li>\n<li>a previous history of mental illnesses (e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=5732\">depression<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/anorexia-nervosa\/\">anorexia nervosa<\/a>, or bulimia)<\/li>\n<li>alcohol misuse or drug misuse<\/li>\n<li>being in an unhappy relationship, or in a relationship where your partner is very controlling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Agoraphobia Without Panic Disorder Causes<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Occasionally, a person can develop symptoms of agoraphobia even though they don&#8217;t have a history of panic disorder or panic attacks.<\/p>\n<p>A number of different irrational phobias may trigger this type of agoraphobia, such as the fear of [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/agoraphobia\/causes\/\">4<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>becoming a victim of violent crime or a terrorist attack if you leave your house<\/li>\n<li>becoming infected by a serious illness if you visit crowded places<\/li>\n<li>doing something by accident that will result in you embarrassing or humiliating yourself in front of others<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  id=\"agoraphobia4\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Diagnosis of Agoraphobia<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>According to standards created by the American Psychiatric Association, you could be diagnosed with agoraphobia if you feel extreme fear, panic or anxiety in at least two of the following situations [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/anxiety-panic\/agoraphobia\">5<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using public transportation (e.g. automobiles, buses, trains and ships)<\/li>\n<li>Being in open spaces (e.g. parking lots and marketplaces)<\/li>\n<li>Being in enclosed places (e.g. shops, lifts and cinemas)<\/li>\n<li>Standing in line or being in a crowd<\/li>\n<li>Being outside of the home alone<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  id=\"agoraphobia5\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_heading  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Treatment of Agoraphobia<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Medication<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Mental health professionals typically prescribe agoraphobics with prescribed anxiolytics (anti anxiety medications) from the benzodiazepine category such as alprazolam (Xanax) or clonazepam (Klonopin). Consumers frequently show some symptom relief from these medications, and many can function more effectively.<\/p>\n<p>An advantage of these drugs is that they act very quickly (30\u201360 minutes), and so can be useful in acute situations of intense panic or anxiety. However, anxiolytic medications can also have undesirable side effects such as drowsiness and sedation, which can lead to impaired cognitive and motor performance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  id=\"psychotherapy3\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Therapy<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=6168\">Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)<\/a> is based on the idea that unhelpful and unrealistic thinking leads to negative behaviour. CBT aims to break this cycle and find new ways of thinking that can help you behave more positively.<\/p>\n<p>For example, many people with agoraphobia have the unrealistic thought that if they have a panic attack it will kill them. CBT encourages the reframing of that thinking into something more positive \u2013 for example, although having a panic attack may be unpleasant, it is not fatal and will pass. This shift in thinking can lead to more positive behaviour in terms of a person being more willing to confront situations that previously scared them. A course of CBT usually consists of 12 to 15 weekly sessions, with each session lasting about an hour.<\/p>\n<p>Mental health professionals also use exposure therapy in conjunction with CBT. Your therapist will set relatively modest goals at the start of treatment, such as going to your local corner shop. As you become more confident, more challenging goals can be set, such as going to a large supermarket or having a meal in a busy restaurant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div  id=\"agoraphobia6\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_toggle_container  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >FAQ<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"togglecontainer   toggle_close_all  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_hr \" >\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-1\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-1-container\">1. How prevalent is agoraphobia in Singapore?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-1-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Agoraphobia has a prevalence rate of 1.3% in Singapore. Females are slightly more susceptible to the condition than males (0.9% vs 0.8%) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/sg\/conditions\/agoraphobia\">6<\/a>].<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-2\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-2-container\">2. How does agoraphobia differ from Panic Disorder, General Anxiety Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-2-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Under the DSM-V [<a href=\"https:\/\/dsm.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/book\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596\">7<\/a>], all three disorders are classified as anxiety disorders. In particular, agoraphobia falls in the &#8220;phobia&#8221; category under this umbrella term. Other common phobias include acrophobia (the fear of heights), BII phobia (the fear of blood, injections and injuries), or claustrophobia (the fear of enclosed spaces).<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, Panic Disorder is instead characterised as the common experience and fear of panic attacks, and has been identified as a major root cause of agoraphobia. Generalised anxiety disorder is characterised by exaggerated worries about otherwise common life problems, while social anxiety disorder is marked specifically by anxiousness when interacting with others or being in public situations. These disorders are distinct and separate from the &#8220;phobias&#8221; category of anxiety disorders.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-3\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-3-container\">3. How can I help a loved one manage his\/her agoraphobia?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-3-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><ul>\n<li>Be supportive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Understand that agoraphobia is a fear that does not always appear rational to non-sufferers. Attempt to give your unequivocal support and encouragement to your loved one in his\/her recovery journey.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Learn more about agoraphobia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By trying to learn more about the condition, you can better empathise with your loved one, which shows him\/her that you are offering your utmost support and care. Additionally, you will also be more aware of the potential triggers of your loved one&#8217;s anxiety and thus help him\/her avoid them.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Don&#8217;t rush things<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Recovery from agoraphobia may be a long, daunting road for sufferers. Be patient and do not get frustrated when progress is slow for your loved one. Trust your mental health professional and your loved one are doing their best to help the latter recover [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/support-for-agoraphobia-and-panic-disorder-2583970\">8<\/a>].<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/section>\n\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6745","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Agoraphobia - Singapore Counselling Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Agoraphobia is a type of phobic disorder, the most common type of anxiety disorder. 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