{"id":7141,"date":"2022-07-01T16:54:46","date_gmt":"2022-07-01T08:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=7141"},"modified":"2022-07-01T16:54:48","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T08:54:48","slug":"panic-disorder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/panic-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Panic Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"#panicdisorder1\">What is Panic Disorder?<\/a><\/strong> | <strong><a href=\"#panicdisorder2\">Diagnosis<\/a> <\/strong>| <strong><a href=\"#panicdisorder3\">Symptoms<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0| <strong><a href=\"#panicdisorder4\">Treatment Options<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-short hr-center   avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_heading  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/panic-disorder-1030x687.jpg' alt='' title='panic disorder' height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  id=\"panicdisorder1\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >What is Panic Disorder (PD)?<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Panic Disorder is a type of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/anxiety-symptoms-causes-treatment\/\">anxiety<\/a> <\/strong>disorder characterised by having <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/panic-attack\/\">panic attacks<\/a><\/strong> over a prolonged period of time. It tends to begin in the late teens or early adulthood and more females are diagnosed with it than males<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/panic-disorder-when-fear-overwhelms\/\">1<\/a>]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"panicdisorder2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Diagnosis of Panic Disorder<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To meet the criteria for PD, individuals must have experienced recurrent unexpected panic attacks and at least one panic attack must have been followed by at least a month of either or both of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Persistent anticipatory anxiety or concern or dread about having another attack or the consequences of having an attack;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A significant and problematic behavioural change related to the attack\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E.g., avoiding any form of exercise because the person believes that exercise might induce a panic attack.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"panicdisorder3\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms of Panic Disorder<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a person is having a panic attack, and they notice that their heart is beating faster than usual, they often do not think to themselves, <em>\u201cThe reason my heart is racing is that I\u2019m anxious\u201d<\/em>. Instead, they think to themselves, <em>\u201cMy heart is beating so fast. I must be having a heart attack\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The physiological symptoms that are part of the definition of this disorder tend to be interpreted in a catastrophic way in terms of physical health.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"panicdisorder4\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_heading  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Treatment Options:<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  av-linked-heading '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/psychotherapy-what-is-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" >1. Psychotherapy<\/a><\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/cognitive-behavioural-therapy\/\"><strong>Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)<\/strong><\/a>, is <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a form of psychotherapy often used by therapists to teach individuals with PD different ways of responding to overwhelming feelings during a panic attack. As CBT recognises that one\u2019s thoughts, feelings and behaviour are linked, learning to react differently by changing one\u2019s thinking patterns could reduce the frequency of panic attacks. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >2. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP)<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PFPP is a form of therapy specifically targeted toward the symptoms of panic disorders.\u00a0 It focuses on the presence of unconscious conflicts and fantasies in one\u2019s mind, and how one uses natural defence mechanisms to address those conflicts and fantasies. In the case of those with PD, their defence mechanism is to experience a panic attack. Hence, PFPP helps to identify one\u2019s internal conflicts and decouple them from panic attacks by finding alternative mechanisms of defence [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatrictimes.com\/view\/panic-focused-psychodynamic-psychotherapy\">2<\/a>].<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >3. Medication<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/antidepressants-uses-side-effects\/\">antidepressant<\/a> <\/strong>medications are mainly used to treat <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/depression-what-causes-symptoms-treatment\/\">depression<\/a><\/strong>, but they have been adopted in the treatment of PD. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They prevent the brain from absorbing serotonin, a neurotransmitter, involved in the regulation of certain processes like mood and sleep. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This serves to improve mood and reduce feelings of fear and anxiety.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beta-blockers target the physical symptoms of PD, such as rapid heart rate. However, these are not as commonly prescribed as SSRIs and SNRIs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>References:<\/p>\n<p>[1] <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Institute of Mental Health. (2016). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Panic Disorder: When Fear Overwhelms<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/panic-disorder-when-fear-overwhelms\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[2] Busch, F. N. &#038; Milrod, B. L. (2008). Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. <em>Psychiatric Times, 25<\/em>(2). https:\/\/www.psychiatrictimes.com\/view\/panic-focused-psychodynamic-psychotherapy<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7141","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Panic Disorder - by Singapore Counselling Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Panic Disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterised by having panic attacks over a prolonged period of time. 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