{"id":7174,"date":"2022-07-06T10:28:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T02:28:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/?page_id=7174"},"modified":"2022-07-06T10:48:29","modified_gmt":"2022-07-06T02:48:29","slug":"premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"#pmdd1\"><strong>What is PMDD?<\/strong><\/a> | <strong><a href=\"#pmdd2\">Causes<\/a> <\/strong>| <strong><a href=\"#pmdd3\">Diagnosis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-short hr-center   avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_heading  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/pmdd-1030x687.jpg' alt='' title='pmdd' height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  id=\"pmdd1\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2    avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a disorder that presents itself a week or two before the start of menstruation and results in severe irritability, <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/anxiety-symptoms-causes-treatment\/\">anxiety <\/a>and <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/depression-what-causes-symptoms-treatment\/\">depression <\/a>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279045\/table\/premenstrual-syndrom.table1diag\/\">1<\/a>].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"pmdd2\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Symptoms <\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While many women may experience premenstrual symptoms such as mood swings, fatigue and trouble sleeping, PMDD\u2019s symptoms are much more severe and inhabilitating. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to DSM-5, they include [<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596\">2<\/a>]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lasting irritability or anger that may result in interpersonal conflict, <\/span><b>and\/or<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feelings of sadness or despair, including thoughts of self-harm and\/or suicide, <\/span><b>and\/or<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feelings of tension or anxiety, including <a href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/panic-attack\/\">panic attacks<\/a>, <\/span><b>and\/or<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mood swings or tearfulness\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>In addition to any of the following symptoms:\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diminished interest in usual activities and relationships<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trouble thinking or focusing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tiredness or low energy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food cravings or binge eating<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Troubles with sleeping (sleeping very much or very little)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feeling overwhelmed or out of control<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical symptoms, such as cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and joint or muscle pain<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"pmdd3\"  style='padding-bottom:10px; ' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Formal Diagnosis<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be diagnosed with PMDD, at least 5 of the aforementioned symptoms must be present \u2014 in the final week before menstruation starts in most menstrual cycles; begin to improve within a few days after menstruation starts; and become minimal or absent in the week after menstruation ends.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the exact cause of PMDD has yet to be found, it is believed to be linked to abnormalities in hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>References:<\/p>\n<p>[1] <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Table 1, Diagnostic Criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279045\/table\/premenstrual-syndrom.table1diag\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[2] <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7174","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - by Singapore Counselling Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a disorder that presents itself a week or two before the start of menstruation and results in...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scc.sg\/e\/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - 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